Parkinson’s disease is caused by a malfunction in a small part of the brain called the substantia nigra. This part of the brain produces dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is responsible for smooth, controlled movements. When the dopamine levels are low, the nerve cells stop firing, and the brain is left without the chemical messenger it needs to control movement. Other symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may include irregular blood pressure and fatigue.
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A doctor specializing in movement disorders can make a proper diagnosis. The doctor will assess the symptoms that are present and conduct a neurological exam. The doctor will also ask about your family history, medications, and exposure to toxins. Coordination, walking, and fine motor tasks may be tested to rule out other conditions. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, an appropriate course of treatment may be suggested. If your doctor suspects that your symptoms are related to Parkinson’s, he or she may prescribe levodopa therapy to relieve them.
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In early stages of Parkinson’s, symptoms may not be noticeable to other people and may not prompt a doctor’s visit. They may be minor or asymptomatic and may even be isolated to one side of the body. As the disease progresses, symptoms become more severe and interfere with everyday tasks. Patients may still be able to walk unassisted, but they will have difficulty doing basic tasks.
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One main therapy for Parkinson’s is levodopa, which is used by nerve cells to make dopamine, which replenishes the brain’s dwindling supply. This drug is often taken in conjunction with another medication called carbidopa. This combination can help reduce the side effects of levodopa and lessen the amount of dopamine that is needed to treat the condition. However, stopping levodopa suddenly can lead to dangerous side effects, and sudden discontinuation should be avoided.
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Other common signs of Parkinson’s disease include a stooped or hunched posture. A person with this condition may also have shortened strides, and their walking gait will be more rigid. Their facial muscles will also move more slowly than normal, and they may not be able to speak clearly or respond when others ask them questions.
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In addition to medication, exercise is a crucial part of treating Parkinson’s disease. Exercise helps people with the disease increase their muscle strength, range of motion, and balance. It can also reduce feelings of depression. A physical therapist can help you find an exercise routine that is right for you. Depending on your physical condition, you may need to start with simple exercises, such as walking or swimming. Be sure not to overdo it, and check your posture to ensure it doesn’t cause any further damage to your body.
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If you have symptoms of Parkinson disease, you should consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Your doctor will probably order a physical examination and a neurological exam. This will help determine the most appropriate medication for you. The doctor may also prescribe brain scans, which are helpful in ruling out other illnesses. However, your doctor will want to monitor your condition for a long time before making a definitive diagnosis. It is also important to take your medication as prescribed by your physician.
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In addition to movement, people with Parkinson’s disease often have problems speaking and thinking. Their speech may become slurred, and they may even experience hallucinations. As the condition progresses, it can become difficult to carry out daily activities, such as taking the bus or walking alone.
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Fortunately, treatments for Parkinson’s disease have improved greatly over the years. A combination of medicines and exercises can help patients manage their symptoms and remain active. Surgery may also be recommended, if necessary. Deep brain stimulation is an FDA-approved treatment for the condition that involves implanting electrodes in the brain. The electrodes are connected to a small generator that sends electrical impulses to the brain. Most patients are awake during the procedure.
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Mood disorders are another common problem with Parkinson’s patients. Many people with the disease also experience depression, which makes their condition even worse. Counseling and medication may help improve your mood. If your symptoms are interfering with your daily activities, it is a good idea to consult with your doctor.
