Parkinson’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes uncontrollable movements. Its symptoms usually start slowly and become more severe over time. It can cause a person to lose their balance and make errors in thinking and speech. They may also experience problems getting out of bed or sitting in a chair. The muscles can become stiff and painful, which can limit the range of motion.
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Parkinson’s disease symptoms can start on one side of the body and progress to the other side. In the early stages, these symptoms can be so mild that they may not warrant a diagnosis. Medications may help control these symptoms. During the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, patients may still be able to walk unassisted. As the disease progresses, however, the symptoms become more severe and may make it impossible for them to live alone.
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Parkinson’s disease is caused by damage to nerve cells in the basal ganglia. These neurons are responsible for producing dopamine, a neurotransmitter necessary to control movement. As dopamine depletes, these nerve cells stop firing. In turn, the brain does not receive enough messages from these nerve cells, which lead to the symptoms. In addition, the body releases high levels of glutamate in order to compensate for the lack of dopamine. This can cause the body to tremble and shake.
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Physical therapists and doctors can prescribe exercise regimens for patients with Parkinson’s disease. These exercises can increase muscle strength, improve flexibility, balance, and reduce depression. These exercises are particularly important for those suffering from the disease because they can help the patient feel better and cope with the symptoms. They can also recommend stretches and other exercises to help patients deal with the condition.
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Parkinson’s disease can also affect facial expressions. In people with the disease, their faces become hunched or stooped. This results in less facial expression, less blinking, and difficulty communicating. In some advanced cases, people can experience rapid speech and stuttering. This is a sign of Parkinson’s disease, and doctors must monitor these symptoms closely.
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Some medications can help reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s. They may reduce tremor, rigidity, and other symptoms. They may even reduce the amount of medication needed to control the disease’s symptoms. In addition, medications can help with depression and other emotional changes. However, if these symptoms interfere with your daily activities, it is important to see a doctor right away.
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Medication for Parkinson’s disease has come a long way. Most of these medicines act to replace the brain chemical dopamine. They can alleviate some symptoms, but may need to be adjusted as the disease progresses. Another FDA-approved treatment involves implanting a small electrical device into the brain to stimulate the nerves. If done properly, deep brain stimulation can help people ease the symptoms of the disease and lessen their need for certain medicines.
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A doctor’s diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease may be based on several factors, including the patient’s medical history, neurological exam, and symptoms. Imaging tests may also be used to rule out other conditions. An imaging test called a dopamine transporter (DAT) scan may help confirm a doctor’s diagnosis.
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If the symptoms persist, it’s recommended to consult a neurologist specializing in movement disorders. This specialist is most likely to make a correct diagnosis. They’ll use a neurological exam, medical history, and family history to make a definitive diagnosis. They may also administer blood tests or X-rays to rule out other conditions. Once a doctor confirms Parkinson’s, they can begin treatment.
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Parkinson’s symptoms can be subtle at the beginning, but gradually worsen over time. They may develop into tremors or a stiffness in the muscles, difficulty walking, or difficulty with balancing. In addition to the tremors, a person may have difficulty with speaking or writing. The person may even stop mid-stride, freeze in place, or fall. Many of these symptoms are not immediately apparent to the patient, so it’s important to visit a physician as soon as possible.
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Parkinson’s disease can affect a person’s ability to move, but thankfully there are treatments that can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. In addition to finding a doctor who can help you manage your condition, you can also subscribe to a free newsletter from the Mayo Clinic.
