There are many possible causes for tongue cancer. Poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, and infection by the human papilloma virus all increase the risk. While tongue cancer is uncommon in young children, cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors. Ill-fitting dentures, jagged teeth, and projecting fillings can also cause tongue cancer. Other causes of tongue cancer include genetic predisposition to malignancy and poor oral hygiene.
Other symptoms of tongue cancer include a pinkish-red sore on the side of the tongue that does not heal. The lump may be persistent, and it can bleed easily when touched or bitten. Getting a doctor’s attention is critical, as tongue cancer is highly curable if detected early. It may lead to a number of complications, including bleeding, voice changes, and other complications. When detected in its early stages, tongue cancer is curable, but later stages can lead to pain, fullness, difficulty swallowing, and even ear pain.
Surgical treatment depends on the type of cancer. In some cases, a biopsy may be required to confirm a diagnosis of tongue cancer. A biopsy is taken from the cancerous area and analyzed by a specialist under a microscope. The cancer cells are often tested for HPV infection. Some patients may require a general anaesthetic before undergoing surgery. If the cancer has spread, a biopsy will be necessary. The stage of a tumour is determined by the size and position.
Surgical treatment for tongue cancer depends on the size and location of the cancer. Surgery may be the best option if the cancer has not spread to other areas of the body. A surgeon can remove the tumor using a laparoscopy (keyhole surgery), a partial glossectomy (removal of part of the tongue), or a robotic procedure where the surgeon makes small incisions in the mouth. These procedures may be performed to treat the cancer or relieve the patient’s pain.
When diagnosed, patients with tongue cancer should undergo the appropriate treatment. Patients with localized tongue lesions may undergo biopsy under local anesthesia while those with deep tumors may have a more complicated treatment plan. Those who have distant metastatic spread of the disease should receive primary chemotherapy. Other treatments for tongue cancer include chemotherapy or immunotherapy. A physician should carefully assess the patient’s health before undergoing surgery. The patient should be evaluated for any signs or symptoms of pain.
