Skin cancer of the head and neck is a condition that typically occurs in people with a weakened immune system, as well as in people who have been exposed to radiation treatment or immunosuppressive medications. Head and neck cancer symptoms may appear similar to those of other medical conditions, including hoarseness, persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and weight loss. These symptoms are typically nonspecific and not life-threatening, but it is important to consult with your healthcare provider if you notice any of these changes.
Head and neck skin cancers usually develop from the exposure to ultraviolet radiation. For instance, the cancer can begin as a small, smooth, firm lump in the mouth, neck, or jaw. When this tumor grows, it can spread into nearby structures. A physician can perform a biopsy of the tumor and determine if it is malignant. Alternatively, the cancer can be diagnosed based on a physical exam. If the cancer has not spread to nearby lymph nodes, the physician can treat the cancer by administering surgery.
If the growth appears to be malignant, it is best to see a dermatologist for a thorough examination and treatment. Treatment options can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these therapies. Depending on the type and stage of the disease, reconstructive surgery might be necessary.
The most common types of skin cancers that occur on the head and neck are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. Basal cell cancers usually develop on the head and neck, but they can also develop in other parts of the body, such as the genital region. Generally, basal cell cancer is not dangerous if it is detected early, but it can still cause pain and ulcers if it is not treated.
Squamous cell cancers tend to develop on the head and neck, but they also develop on other parts of the body, such as the trunk and genitals. Symptoms include rough patches on the skin that may be pink or red, a swelling in the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. In some cases, a squamous cell cancer may grow into a scar.
Merkel cell carcinoma is another form of skin cancer that can develop in the head and neck. This type of skin cancer begins at the base of the epidermis and shares features with nerve cells. It can also develop as a lump or an ulcer. The primary risk factor for this type of cancer is cigarette smoking, especially if you smoke cigars, cigarettes, or pipes.
Kaposi sarcoma is a rare skin cancer that occurs in people who are HIV-positive, those who have been in organ transplants, or those who take immunosuppressive medications. The first sign of a thyroid gland is a lump in the neck. Other symptoms of a salivary gland cancer are swollen lymph nodes, difficulty breathing, and bleeding from the mouth.
While skin cancer of the head and neck can cause serious harm if not treated properly, the cure rate is quite high. Regular self-exams are recommended to catch the disease early, and the treatment can include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
