Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and it is also one of the most difficult to treat. In its late stages, the disease has spread to other parts of the body and it is often hard for doctors to determine how much time patients have left to live. In stage 4 lung cancer, the disease is considered terminal and patients can expect to experience symptoms that are associated with death.
The most important factor to consider is the type of tumor. Tumors that start in the lungs tend to grow and spread more quickly than those that start in other parts of the body. Additionally, if the cancer has spread to the brain, it can become a life-threatening condition.
A diagnosis of lung cancer in its advanced stages can be overwhelming for a patient and their family. There are many options available to those diagnosed with lung cancer, but the most important thing is that patients seek medical care from qualified physicians. Patients should also try to connect with a support group for those with cancer and seek the help of a therapist or counselor. Additionally, patients should look into available clinical trials to see if there are any treatments that could improve their outlook.
In some cases, lung cancer may be cured in its early stages when it is detected and treated before it can progress to later phases. However, in most instances, the cancer cannot be cured once it has reached stage 4. The survival rate for people with lung cancer is very poor and the chances of a full recovery diminish as the disease progresses to stage 4.
Symptoms that are common at this point include coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, a bluish tint to the skin (metastasis), chest pains, weight loss, hoarseness and a small pupil on one side of the face (Horner’s syndrome). These symptoms may come and go and can be difficult to recognize, but they can indicate that the body’s natural defenses are beginning to weaken.
At this stage, treatment typically focuses on blocking the cancer’s growth and relieving symptoms. This may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy or immunotherapy. If the cancer is located in a single part of the lung, doctors may consider surgery. This could be a lobectomy, where 1 of the large parts of the lung is removed or it could involve removing the entire lung (pneumonectomy). If a patient has serious health problems or can’t have surgery, they may receive stereotactic body radiation therapy or radiofrequency ablation instead. Palliative care specialists can provide additional support to patients with advanced lung cancer by focusing on symptom relief and quality of life. This may include helping patients understand their prognosis, breaking bad news to families and navigating care plans. They can also help with coping strategies and support for the caregiver.
