Stage I cancer is confined to a single breast and has not spread to any nearby lymph nodes. Stage II cancer is more widespread and has spread to lymph nodes in the underarm, chest wall, or nearby breastbone. Stage III cancer has spread beyond the primary tumor and may have invaded nearby tissue and lymph nodes. Stage IV cancer has spread to distant organs.
Three types of breast cancer are categorized based on their hormone receptors. HER2 positive cancer cells contain receptors for estrogen and progesterone. HER2-positive breast cancers express more HER2 than ER-negative breast cancers. HER2-positive breast cancers respond to the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which is used in combination with chemotherapy. Triple-negative breast cancer cells lack estrogen and progesterone receptors, but may express a prolactin receptor.
Invasive lobular cancer is the second most common type of breast cancer. It accounts for five to ten percent of all cases. This type starts in the milk-producing glands and spreads to surrounding breast tissue. Invasive lobular cancer is much more difficult to detect on mammograms, and one in five women will develop both types of breast cancer. But whether you’re diagnosed with an invasive breast cancer, it’s always best to consult a doctor to determine the exact diagnosis.
Depending on the size and location of your lump, your healthcare provider may perform a physical exam of your breasts to determine the risk of the disease. A mammogram may also be performed to diagnose a type of benign lesion. A fine needle aspiration is another method of detection. This procedure is done in the healthcare provider’s office. If your lumps are located beneath the skin, local anesthetic may not be necessary.
Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer and accounts for 70 to 80 percent of all cases. Invasive cancer begins in the milk duct and spreads throughout the breast. Invasive cancer can spread to other parts of the body and may even spread to other organs. During this stage, it is critical to seek medical attention as soon as possible to avoid spreading. If you have already been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, you will need to undergo surgery to remove it.
Some genetic conditions may increase the risk of breast cancer. Specifically, women with a BRCA gene mutation have a higher risk than women with other mutations. If your mother or grandmother has had breast cancer, you are more likely to develop the disease. Genetic testing will detect if you have the BRCA gene. Other factors that increase the risk of breast cancer include alcohol and smoking. Finally, obesity increases the risk of developing the disease. But these aren’t the only causes of breast cancer.
If you suspect you have a BRCA gene mutation, your doctor may recommend prophylactic treatment. This may include a prophylactic mastectomy, in which the cancer cells are surgically removed to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Another way to monitor the risk of breast cancer is to have a regular breast exam. A new lump is a sign that you should see a doctor. Even if the tumor is small, it can still be dangerous.
