Identifying the signs and symptoms of gastric cancer is a complex process. Early stage cancers may have spread to nearby lymph nodes and the deeper layers of the stomach. Later stage cancers may have spread to distant organs and lymph nodes. The first step is to determine the stage of the disease. The stages are:
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Symptoms of stomach cancer can be nonspecific and may occur alone or in conjunction with the presence of ulcers. Patients may also experience bleeding resulting in hematemesis or melena. Chronic blood loss due to stomach cancer can also cause anaemia symptoms. Other signs of stomach cancer include bowel obstruction, fractures, neurologic changes, and swelling in the abdomen due to fluid. For more detailed information, consult a physician.
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A biopsy of the stomach is performed to determine whether cancer has spread. The doctor uses a microscope to look at tissue samples for signs of cancer. The biopsy is performed after an endoscopic examination reveals suspicious findings during an exam. The cancer may be proximal, or in the first part of the stomach. It may also extend to the gastroesophageal junction. Proximal cancer is associated with obesity, while non-cardia cancer may be caused by chronic inflammation of the stomach. Non-cardia cancers are typically associated with chronic infection with the Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
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Treatment for gastric cancer depends on the stage and extent of spread of the tumor. If detected early, it may lead to a better prognosis. Treatment for gastric cancer depends on where it spreads, the size of the tumor, and how the patient’s health has changed. Surgery is the most common treatment for this type of cancer. Surgeons may remove part of the stomach or even the entire stomach. They usually remove lymph nodes near the tumor as well.
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Other tests for suspected stomach cancer include CT scans, endoscopic ultrasound, and barium swallow imaging. The barium swallow imaging procedure involves watching a liquid move down the digestive tract. Upper endoscopy, on the other hand, involves passing a thin tube through the esophagus and into the stomach to examine its insides for cancer cells. In addition to a CT scan, the doctor may also order a biopsy.
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People with certain diseases and a low-grade immune system are at risk for stomach adenocarcinoma. Infections with the Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis, has also been found in stomach cancer cells. It is important to get your symptoms checked as soon as possible, before the disease spreads beyond the stomach. When the symptoms of gastric cancer develop, it is time to consult a physician to determine the risk.
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Other risk factors include a history of gastric cancer. For example, those who smoke and drink alcohol may increase their risk of developing stomach cancer by two to ten times. People who have had previous surgeries to remove the lining of their stomach may have been exposed to Helicobacter pylori, which can lead to chronic inflammation and precancerous lesions. Additionally, being overweight or obese also increases risk of gastric cancer.
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In addition to gastric cancer symptoms, other factors include smoking, age, family history, and diet. A high-salt, smoked, low-fiber, and processed-food diet are also risk factors. Among these factors, poor-quality diet is the biggest risk factor. A diet rich in saturated fat, trans fats, and sodium can increase your risk of gastric cancer. It is also important to consult a doctor for a second opinion. Many health insurance companies will pay for second opinions when you are diagnosed with gastric cancer.
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Fortunately, most cases of stomach cancer are easily treatable if detected early. Surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are common treatments for this disease. The risk of developing stomach cancer is decreasing in many countries, but remains a leading cause of death in other parts of the world. Early diagnosis is key, as there are some risk factors associated with it, including smoking, being a male, and a high-fat diet.
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Although the prognostic value of alarm symptoms has been established in several studies, there is no consensus on the correlation between the presence of alarm symptoms and the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. The presence of alarm symptoms, however, significantly reduces the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, the duration of symptoms is correlated with the risk of death, reducing the chances of death by 26%. However, it remains difficult to predict whether the patient will survive the disease and when treatment will begin.
