Parkinson’s disease occurs when the brain’s neurons producing the chemical dopamine stop functioning properly. This can result in movement problems. Scientists have not figured out why the neurons stop functioning. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can vary greatly. Most patients start experiencing symptoms on one side of their body, then progress to the other.
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The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may include slow movement, sleep difficulties, and a shaky hand or leg. These symptoms may affect your daily activities and interfere with your ability to think or plan. You may also experience changes in blood pressure or memory. Another symptom of Parkinson’s disease is difficulty urinating or getting up from a sitting position.
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Parkinson’s disease can also affect your sense of smell and taste. Odor is a large component of taste and flavor, so a decrease in the ability to smell may be a symptom of Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, clumps of the protein alpha-synuclein can inhibit your ability to smell. These symptoms may be caused by a variety of conditions and medications, and may be difficult to distinguish from other health issues.
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The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease tend to get worse over time. At the early stages, however, they are mild and will not hinder you from doing everyday activities. Fortunately, these symptoms are usually manageable with medications. However, as the condition progresses, they become more serious. By the third stage, people may have trouble walking or moving independently. They may also have delusions and hallucinations. If you are unsure of whether you are experiencing these symptoms, it is recommended to consult your doctor as soon as possible.
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Exercise is also important for people with Parkinson’s disease. Exercise helps improve muscle strength, balance, and flexibility. It can also reduce depression and improve overall health. Your doctor may suggest a specific exercise routine for you. Physical therapists can also recommend exercises to help with daily living. Stretching, swimming, and walking can be helpful. Make sure to check your posture before you walk and avoid moving too fast.
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Although experts do not know what causes Parkinson’s disease, a family history is a risk factor. Exposure to toxic environmental agents may increase your risk. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are often characterized by rigid muscles, poor balance, and slow movement. Poor posture and gait may also result in falls.
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Another symptom of Parkinson’s disease is an altered voice. The disease causes a person to lose volume, and the voice becomes monotone. The voice will also lose its usual volume and emotion. Symptoms may be worse on one side. Eventually, the disease will affect both sides of the body.
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Treatment for Parkinson’s disease usually involves a combination of medications. The main therapy is levodopa, which works by stimulating nerve cells to produce dopamine and replenish the brain’s depleted supply. It is usually given in combination with another drug known as carbidopa, which decreases the side effects of levodopa and can also reduce the dosage needed for a patient to improve symptoms.
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Other treatments for Parkinson’s disease include MRI-guided focused ultrasound, which has helped some people manage their tremors. This minimally invasive procedure uses ultrasound waves to target areas in the brain that contribute to the symptoms. This method is considered an excellent option for tremor-reduction as it is non-invasive and safe.
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Genetics and environment play a major role in developing Parkinson’s disease. A family history of the disease and exposure to agricultural pesticides are among the risk factors. In addition, age is an important factor, as men are 1.5 to two times more likely to develop the disease than women. Research is ongoing to determine the causes of Parkinson’s disease, which includes genetics. For example, certain mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene may increase the risk of developing the disease.