Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder, with symptoms varying from mild to severe. Mild symptoms do not interfere with daily life and may only affect one side of the body. However, as the condition progresses, walking and balance problems may become more pronounced. This can be dangerous for patients who wish to live alone. Some people may also develop hallucinations and delusions. In order to cope with the disorder, patients should seek medical care as soon as possible.
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A small area in the brain called the substantia nigra produces dopamine, which is important for controlling movement. When the area of the brain is damaged, nerve cells start dying and less dopamine is available to control movements. This causes symptoms like shaking in the hands, arms, and legs. The tremor usually decreases as the affected limbs are used, but not always. This condition may also be characterized by difficulties in communicating with other people.
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As the disease progresses, people may need to try different medicines. In some cases, deep brain stimulation surgery can help ease some of the symptoms. This surgery involves inserting small electrodes in the brain. These electrodes are then attached to a tiny generator in the chest, which sends electrical impulses to the brain. Most patients are awake during the surgery.
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A neurologist specializes in movement disorders can make a diagnosis. During an initial assessment, your doctor will use a combination of neurological and medical history to rule out other medical conditions. The neurologist may also perform tests to examine your muscles and postural stability. The results of these tests are used to help diagnose the disorder.
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Postural instability is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease and related movement disorders. Symptoms of postural instability include an inability to maintain a stable posture and prevent falls. Patients may also have problems initiating movements. Balance problems are also a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease.
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In addition to physical symptoms, Parkinson’s disease can lead to mood and cognitive problems. You should see a doctor if these symptoms interfere with your ability to perform daily activities. REM sleep behavior disorder, where people act out their dreams while they sleep, can also be a sign of Parkinson’s disease. Patients with REM sleep behavior disorder may thrash around in bed, or fall out of bed. They may also experience increased urge to urinate and may have difficulty going to the bathroom.
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Other non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include anxiety and depression. Fortunately, these symptoms can be managed with medication and talk therapy. Talking therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can help patients cope with these symptoms. These therapy options may also help patients cope with other problems associated with Parkinson’s disease. The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital has two centers dedicated to movement disorders, which means they can receive treatment and manage the condition as well.
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The main therapy for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. This drug stimulates nerve cells to produce dopamine, which replenishes the brain’s dwindling supply. Levodopa is often used in combination with another medication called carbidopa, which minimizes the side effects of levodopa. However, levodopa can be dangerous if you suddenly stop taking it.
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It is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations for Parkinson’s disease medications. If you experience side effects, talk to your healthcare provider immediately. Although medication can help control the symptoms of the disease, it cannot cure it. However, medications can greatly improve the quality of life and may even prevent the progression of the disease.
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Aside from medications, surgery can help control some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Surgical treatments for this disorder don’t cure the disease, but they may help with tremor and rigidity. They can also reduce the dose of medicine needed to control the symptoms of the disease. A treatment called deep brain stimulation is another option for treating the disorder. It involves implanting electrodes in the brain, which are connected to a generator placed in the chest near the collarbone. This generator sends electrical pulses to the brain, which improves the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine.
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Although the cause of Parkinson’s disease remains unknown, experts believe that protein misfolding is responsible. When proteins don’t fold properly, they are unable to be used by the body or broken down properly. Misfolded proteins build up in various locations and in certain cells, causing toxic effects and cell damage.
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