Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem that affects 20 percent to 30 percent of women. They occur when bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract move from the anus (back passage) to the urethra and into the urinary system, potentially infecting the bladder, ureters or kidneys.
UTIs can lead to severe, sometimes life-threatening symptoms that need immediate medical treatment. These symptoms can include high fever, back pain, nausea or vomiting, blood in the urine or a change in urination.
Symptoms of UTI in the Kidneys and Ureters
Infections in the kidneys or ureters can cause symptoms such as upper back and side pain, fever/chills, nausea and vomiting, blood in the urine (hematuria), or trouble urinating. In some cases, they can also result in permanent kidney damage if left untreated.
Symptoms of Recurrent UTI in the Bladder and Urethra
In most people, UTIs start inside the bladder and urethra, the tube-like structures that allow urine to leave the body. Symptoms of a UTI in the bladder and urethra are usually more obvious than symptoms of infection in the kidneys or ureters, so it is important to visit your doctor if you have any of these symptoms.
Your GP can test the urine to find out whether or not you have a urinary tract infection. They can also prescribe antibiotics if they think you have one.
Antibiotics are usually the first line of treatment for UTIs, and it is recommended that you follow the instructions on the label closely. If you are pregnant or have other health conditions, you should tell your GP about them before taking the antibiotics.
The most effective way to prevent recurrent UTIs is to keep your body healthy, including drinking plenty of fluids and getting enough rest. You should also try to avoid habits that increase your risk of a UTI.
Wipe Front to Back after each urination, using washcloths or tissue that have been sterilized by hot water and soap. Always wipe from the front to the back, starting near the rectum and working your way down to the bladder opening area, to keep bacteria from spreading.
If you have recurrent UTIs in the bladder or urethra, ask your healthcare provider if you should be on a low-dose of antibiotics as a way to prevent future infections. This may be recommended for six months at a time, or after having sex.
Recurrent UTIs that continue to persist after treatment may be a sign of a chronic disease, such as diabetes or an autoimmune disorder. Your physician can run tests to see if this is the case, such as an ultrasound, a CT scan, or MRI.
Other causes of recurrent UTIs include sexual intercourse and use of catheters, which are small tubes that are placed into the bladder through the urethra. The most important thing to remember is that you should urinate as soon as you feel the urge, so you do not develop an infection.
Your healthcare provider can help you manage recurrent UTIs with medication and lifestyle changes that can reduce your risks. These changes include limiting your intake of alcohol and caffeine, increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables, reducing the amount of salt you eat, and eating more foods with fiber.
