Early stage means that the tumor is a tiny one and does not spread to other structures in the mouth. Stage two means that the tumor has spread to at least one lymph node, and may be large and have already invaded other structures in the mouth. If a tumor is stage three, it has spread to at least three other lymph nodes, which is known as stage four.
The early stage of tongue cancer is the best time to begin treatment. Although tongue cancer treatment is highly successful, it can also have complications. It’s important to see your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms. A specialist will be able to determine the best treatment for you. Generally, treatment aims to cure the cancer in the early stages. Depending on the stage of your cancer, you may require several treatment options, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.
During the first stage of the disease, the tumor begins as a nodule or fissure, and then becomes a bleeding ulcer. The tumor is usually accompanied by pain originating from the lingual and auriculotemporal branches. It can also cause difficulty in speech, and the tongue may appear fixed or swollen. A thorough physical examination is essential to make a definitive diagnosis. Some patients experience bleeding while speaking or chewing, and other symptoms may not be indicative of the disease.
Later, the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and may not be accessible through surgery. Radiotherapy and surgery are the main treatments for tongue cancer. Surgery is the most common treatment for early stage tongue cancers, but radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be effective as well. Intensity modulated radiation therapy has a lower risk of side effects than chemotherapy. These treatments are usually done over a period of five to six weeks and are most effective when the cancer is relatively small and localized.
Although there is no known cause of tongue cancer in most cases, studies show an alarming increase in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma, especially in younger patients without traditional risk factors. This dramatic increase is believed to be related to HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, although additional genetic etiologies are being explored. A woman with a history of this condition is at a higher risk for developing the disease if she is pregnant.
While there are many symptoms of tongue cancer, there are several types of it. The most common form is squamous cell carcinoma. These cancer cells are flat and thin and line the oral cavity and other organs. They are usually grayish-pink or red in color and bleed easily when touched or bitten. Early stage tongue cancer symptoms are difficult to detect. Later stage tongue cancer symptoms can include fullness in the throat, difficulty swallowing, difficulty with speech and ear pain.
