DNA contains instructions for the cells to grow and divide. Mutations can result in the cancer cells becoming out of control and forming a mass. Symptoms of this condition can include pain, bleeding, and a vaginal odor. While the symptoms of cervical cancer can vary, they are most often the same as breast cancer.
Depending on the type of cervical cancer, treatment options may vary. While some cervical cancers may be cured through surgery, others require chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, for example, is a form of treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. This treatment is usually administered on a weekly basis and is not always necessary. Cancers that are localized or have spread are often treated with surgery. The cancer-fighting agent tisotumab vedotin-tftv is often used for cervical cancer.
While cervical cancer usually causes no symptoms at first, if not detected early, it can spread to the lower vagina or pelvis. In some cases, it can even block the ureters, which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. If cancer has already spread to the body, it can affect the bones, lungs, and liver. A Pap test is the first step in diagnosing cervical cancer, but regular screenings will help detect problems before they turn into cancer.
Various treatments for cervical cancer can cause a range of side effects. Treatment for cervical cancer may affect fertility and the ability to conceive. Women who want to keep their fertility should discuss options with their doctor before beginning any treatment. While undergoing a cervical biopsy may be uncomfortable, it is usually relatively painless. Your doctor can also prescribe pain relief or other methods for reducing the pain during this procedure. If the cancer has spread, you may not be able to have a child for several months or even years.
The diagnosis of cervical cancer is usually based on a pelvic exam and a Pap test. Abnormal Pap test results are usually an indication that you have cervical cancer, but an abnormal Pap test can indicate another health problem as well. A doctor may recommend further testing to rule out other health problems before recommending a treatment. Biopsies may be required for a diagnosis. MRIs and CT scans may also be used to detect cervical cancer.
Treatments for cervical cancer depend on the stage of the disease. If detected early, surgery can be done to remove the cancerous growth in a limited zone. In more advanced cases, a total hysterectomy may be needed. Total hysterectomy involves complete removal of the womb, including the vagina and tissues surrounding the cervical area, as well as the lymph nodes. If chemotherapy or radiation does not work, you may have to undergo a total hysterectomy.
Cancers of the cervix can be diagnosed in one of three stages. The first stage, called Stage 0, refers to the tumor’s location within the cervix. Cancer in Stage I has spread to the pelvic wall, but it hasn’t spread beyond the cervix. If the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and the uterus, it may have spread to other parts of the body.
